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We aim to consider both safety and privacy in our approach to protecting users. We use a combination of automated tools and human review intended to prevent users from being exposed to pornographic content or other sexual harms or exploitation on public surfaces (such as Spotlight, Public Stories, and Maps). 

We use automated tools to help identify and remove certain known illegal child sexual exploitation photos and videos, including: 

• Microsoft’s PhotoDNA (to detect duplicates of known illegal images) 

• Google’s CSAI Match (to detect duplicates of known illegal videos)

• Google’s Content Safety API (to aid in detecting novel, “never-before-hashed” imagery)

We use similar technology to help identify and remove certain non-consensual intimate imagery. We participate in the Take It Down program run by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), receiving and leveraging hashes of nude or partially nude imagery supplied by minors that they want to prevent from spreading online. We also participate in StopNCII, a similar program for people who are 18 or older, run by South West Grid for Learning (SWGfL) based in the UK. In addition, in some cases, we use behavioral “signals” to identify potentially illegal or harmful activity so that we can proactively remove bad actors and report them to authorities as appropriate. 

When we become aware of sexually explicit or exploitative content, we act swiftly to remove the offending content, enforce against the violating account, and where appropriate, escalate to NCMEC and/or law enforcement. We work closely with NCMEC and law enforcement to maintain a feedback loop on the effectiveness of our policies.